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This book is a welding guide covering the theoretical foundations, technological processes, safety, and design of welded joints. It provides a detailed description of the types and methods of welding, the history and development of this field, and the physical and technological foundations of welding processes, including arc, laser, and gas welding. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of welding arcs, equipment selection, weld and joint design, and occupational safety and health issues. The book includes sections on modern technologies, such as laser welding, as well as recommendations for the design and operation of welded structures. It is intended for students, engineers, welding specialists, and anyone interested in this important area of industry and construction.
Content
Preface
Chapter 1. Welding
Overview of Welding
Need for Welding
Advantage of Welding
Disadvantage of Welding
Application of Welding
Welding Equipment
Classification of Welding Processes
Types of Welding
The History of Welding
Weld Joints
Welding Symbols
Reference Line
Arrow and Other Side
Weld Symbols
Dimensions and Other Data
Supplementary Symbols
Finish Symbols
Tail
Specifications, Process, or Other Information
References
Chapter 2. Physics of Arc Welding
Fundamentals of Arc Welding
Structure and Characteristics of Welding Arc
The Cathode Spot
Electron Emission Mechanisms
The Cathode Drop Zone
The Arc Column
The Anode and the Anode Drop Zone
Types of Welding Arcs
Methods of Initiating and Maintenance of the Welding Arc
Arc Initiation
Maintenance of Arc
Arc Characteristic
Temperature of the Arc
References
Chapter 3. Laser Welding
Principle and Mechanism of Laser Welding
Ruby Laser Equipment and Setup of Laser Welding
Process Parameters for Laser Welding
Weld Characteristics for Laser Welding
Weld Joint Design for Laser Welding
Applications of Laser Welding
Variants of Laser Beam Welding
Automation in Laser Beam Welding
Safety Aspects of Laser Welding
Laser Beam Welding
The Ruby laser
The CO2 laser
Solid State laser
The Excimer laser
References
Chapter 4. Heat Flow in Welding
Weld Thermal Cycle
Factors Affecting Welding Thermal Cycle
Cooling Rate
Peak Temperature and Heat Affected Zone
Solidification Rate
Residual Stresses
References
Chapter 5. Gas Welding
Process of Gas Welding
Inert Gas Welding
Gas Metal Arc Welding
Different Types of Flames in Gas Welding
Use of Gas in MIG Welding
Need of Welding Torch
Types of Gas Welding
Gas Welding and Gas Cutting
Thermochemical Processes
Progression in Weld Pass
Gas Welding in Carbon Steel Plates and Tubes
Perform Surface Preparation
Gas Welding Equipment and Accessories
The Principle of Pressure Regulator
Importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Tanks or Cylinders Secured in a proper place
References
Chapter 6. Design of Weld Joints
Basics of Weld Joint
Modes of Failure of the Weld Joints
Design of Weld Joints and Mechanical Properties
Factors Affecting the Performance of the Weld Joints
Design of Weld Joints and Loading Conditions
Need of Welding Symbols
Types of Weld Joints
Types of Welding Position
Need for Edge Preparation in Welding
Groove Weld
Factors Affecting Selection of Suitable Groove Geometry for Edge Preparation
Welding and Weld Bead. Geometry
Design of Weld Joints for Fatigue Loading
Procedure of Weld Joint Design for Fatigue Loading
Factors Affecting Fatigue Life
Material Characteristics
Environment
References
Chapter 7. Development and Safety in Welding
Development in Welding
Benefits of Welding
The Tools of the Trade
Misconceptions and Lack of Information
The Welding Industry and Its Future
Safety Precautions During Welding
Confined Space Working
Preventing Fire and Explosion
Electrical Hazards
Controlling the Risks from Welding
LEV for the most common types of Manual Welding Processes
Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE)
Other Workers in the Area
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
References
Glossary
Index